In the 2020, it became the protagonist of the world. When my country's epidemic climax, he had circulated such a sentence. "I have a melting cloth. Do you have a mask machine?" It can be seen that this simple product has become a necessity for people in the disaster. So, what is the history of masks? How do it affect the development of human respiratory protection?

PART 01 Recording and Exploration of Modern Masks

The history of human protection respiratory system can be traced back to the Roman era. In the first century, philosopher and museums cover the nose with loose animal bladder skin to filter dust. To avoid this toxic sulfide when pulverizing cinnabar.

Philosopher and museum

The medieval Western medical community believes that infectious diseases such as cholera and black and dead are caused by "瘴气" in the air, some doctors at the time will wear a face mask like a bird mouth when diagnosing respiratory diseases. These masks will put some spices and herbs. Although this principle is not understood, the spread of the disease is indeed to some extent.

Medieval duck mask

In the 16th century, Florence, famous painters and museums Da Vinci proposed to cover the face with water in consultation. This prevents the respiratory system damage caused by a toxic chemical substance such as smoke.

In China, when the Emperor of China, when the court emperor dinner, in order to avoid the breathing of the emperor's diet, the waiter's mouth and the nose were covered by silk and gold wire.

In short, before modern, the understanding of respiratory protection is still in a simple stage, and then this is a scientific progress.

New awareness of PART 02 Modern Respiratory Protection

Medical community founded aseptic surgery

In 1827, Scottish scientist Robert Brown found the "Brown Movement" phenomenon, which has important reference value for the study mask's protective mechanism for dust.

In 1849, American Lewis Haaslet invented the "lung protector". It is a patent for it.

In 1861, Baste, France passed the famous petrophotome, which proves that there is a microorganism in the air, which is the first time to recognize that there are biological bacteria in addition to chemical poisons in the air. The theoretical basis of the inventions and applications of masks.

In 1876, the medical community has created aseptic surgery, which is to strictly disinfecting all surgical machinery, surgical clothes, surgery caps and rubber gloves. However, at this time, the medical community has not yet protecting the mouth of the surgeon.

The birth of a modern mask shape

As the medical community found a sterile surgical, let the doctor realize that the human oral cavity may spread bacteria or microorganisms in the air. On this basis, the German surgeon Mikulitz proposed in the same year, and medical staff should Wear the sterile gauze mask, the mask can cover the nose and nose. This mask is called "Mikuriz mask". This is the first medical mask in modern sense. Since then, "wearing masks" have become the standard image of medical staff.

Of course, the mask at the beginning is still very simple, just use a layer or several gauze to wrap the face, and its comfort and comfort are largely different from the real modern mask.

In 1899, a British surgeon was designed to improve - he cut gauze into a rectangle and placed a frame-shaped thin line support between the gauze, and left a certain gap between the gauze and the nose, improved The weakness of the face is difficult to breathe. Then, the French surgeon Paul Bertie produced a 6-slice gauze, and sewed on the collar of the operating suit. When using, as long as the collar is turned up, then the gauze can be connected to the ear or the back portion using a ring belt improvement. In this way, the shape of the modern mask is born!

China contribution in the history of part 03 mask

In the history of the above masks, we mainly talk about the contribution of the Western world. In reality history, the Chinese contribution is worth remember.

His name is Wu Liande, this is a name that most Chinese are unfamiliar, but he has made an indelible contribution to China's epidemic prevention work in the early 20th century.

Wu Liande and Wu-style mask

In 1910, Harbin broke out an extremely serious infectious disease. At that time, Wu Liande was ordered to serve as "Oriental Sanzhou Epidemic Prevention Total Medicine". This title looks good, but actually follows him. Only one military doctor comes from Tianjin.

After arriving in the northeast, after anatomy and investigation, he believes that this serious infectious disease is "lung rat". It is a more serious infectious disease than ordinary plague.

Under his proposal, many railways and roads in Northeast were cut off. He began to organize the epidemic area to strictly isolate, and spent a lot of effort to persuad ignorant people agreed to incinerate the body.

During this time, in order to prevent the spread of the plague, he invented a mask made of two gauze, referred to as "口 口". Such a mask is easily obtained, and the material is easily obtained, and the manufacturing cost requires only two more dollars.

In April 1911, the "Maskou", "Wu Hai mask" has been praised by experts - "Wu Liande's mask style is simple, manufacturing cost, but the effect is also good."

Under the efforts of Wu Liande, the epidemic in the Harbin Fujian store has been quickly controlled, and the number of deaths is reduced to zero. This is one of the large-scale control infectious diseases in Chinese history.

In the subsequent 1919 Northeast Cholera and 1932 Shanghai Huo's epidemics, Wu Liande also played an extremely important leadership, Shanghai Huo's mortality rate was 7.4%, and the foreign mortality rate was 30%.

The continuous development of the PART 04 modern mask

The masks that play an important role in epidemics continue to develop.

People and industrial pollution struggle

In December 1952, London, British, was shrouded in dense fog. Since there is no wind, severe air pollution lasted for five days, causing 12,000 people to die, and 100,000 respiratory diseases were reported. Fog is like a static giant gas chamber with masks, which has become a necessary condition for people with industrial pollution.

The mask material has also been developed in the process of confronting the pollution. In the 1960s, the non-woven mask technology was born, mainly using electrostatic fiber filter cotton. At that time, the United States promulgated the "Occupational Health Law" in 1970 and established occupational safety. The health administrative department introduces these health measures, focusing on various types of work, effectively promoting the development and application of modern masks technology.

Today, the mask has become a mature industry, with an annual output value of more than 10 billion yuan. The fitness, filtration efficiency, comfort and convenience of the mask have also been greatly improved. In addition to the medical mask, dust, pollen and filters PM2 have occurred. More than 5 sub-categories, in the hospital, food processing plant, mine, smog, in the city, the mask is everywhere ...

Modern masks greatly improve comfort and convenience

In this national struggle with new coronaviruses, masks are a powerful weapon for our cutting pathway.

Some common sense to wear a mask:

First, the correct wear mask is very important, wearing a mask, revealing the nostril, wearing an anti-mouth cover, is an example of a wrong example.

Whether it is an ordinary medical surgical mask or an efficient N95 filter mask, it can effectively block the spread of droplets. A study conducted in 2013 in 2013 shows that medical surgical masks can reduce the amount of inhalation of viral droplets to the original 1/25.

Second, the gap in the mask nose needs to be treated. Many masks have a soft metal or plastic strip on the nose of the mask. They need to be properly folded according to their face shape to prevent leakage of the nose gap.

Third, wear a mask one day, do not touch the outer layer of the mask, because some contaminants may accumulate and block in the outer layer after wearing a mask, so that the mask condition is required to be updated in a timely manner.

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